An Evaluation of Phosphogypsum (PG) -Derived Nanohydroxyapatite (HAP) Synthesis Methods and Waste Management as a Phosphorus Source in the Agricultural Industry

As a raw material, phosphorus availability in agriculture has been critical concern terms of phosphate rock consumption related to price-dependent supply-demand chain. Novel approaches have proposed for alternative sources agricultural applications. Although nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is commonly used bioceramic its utilization as an fertilizer emerging field. Phosphogypsum (PG), by-product wet process phosphoric acid production, promising material nHA production. With approximate 300 Mton annual accumulation rate PG puts pressure on the research introducing strategies resource legacy piles environment-friendly and cost-efficient manner. Valorization calcium precursor production would both provide efficient waste management strategy low-cost material. This study gives brief review various synthesis routes PG-derived criticizes fertilizer.